Egypt's Conflicting Views of Democracy and Religion
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Last year, the Pew Research Center 
Global Attitudes Project conducted 
a survey of opinion in several Muslim 
countries. The subject was the proper role
of Islam in politics and society. One of 
the countries surveyed was Egypt, and 
among other discoveries, the Pew 
researchers found that 84 percent of 
Egyptians favor the death penalty 
for people who leave the Muslim 
religion.In another survey, Pew found 
that 90 percent of Egyptians say they 
believe in freedom of religion. 
Pew also found that a majority of Egyptians 
think democracy, with protections of free 
speech and assembly, is "preferable to 
any other kind of government."
How can those attitudes fit together in 
a democratic 
post-Mubarak Egypt? It's no wonder 
so many people can't figure out what 
is next.The Pew survey found wide 
streams of opinion in Egypt that seem 
at the very least inhospitable to democracy. 
When asked which side they would take 
in a struggle between "groups who want 
to modernize the country (and) Islamic fundamentalists," 59 percent of Egyptians 
picked the fundamentalists, while 27 percent picked the modernizers. In a country in 
which the army will likely play a deciding role in selecting the next political leadership, 
just 32 percent believe in civilian control of the military. And a majority, 54 percent, 
supports making segregation of men and women in the workplace the law throughout Egypt.
There's more. When asked whether suicide bombing can ever be justified, 54 percent 
said yes (although most believe such occasions are "rare"). Eighty-two percent supported 
stoning for those who commit adultery.
And yet at the same time, says Richard Wike, associate director of Pew's Global Attitudes 
Project, "we found support for some specific features of democracy -- free media, civil 
liberties, an independent judiciary." Indeed, 80 percent of Egyptians place a high value 
on free speech, 88 percent on an impartial judiciary and 75 percent on "media free from 
government censorship." What accounts for the coexistence of attitudes that to the American 
mind cannot coexist? "I'm not entirely certain what explains it," Wike says.